Effects of sunlight exclusion on leaf gas exchange, berry composition, and wine flavour profile of Cabernet-Sauvignon from the foot of the north side of Mount Tianshan and a semi-arid continental climate

Canopy shading is a widely used viticultural strategy for mitigating early grape berry ripening caused by global warming. In this study, we covered half of the canopy with black shade cloth from pea-size stage to harvest. fruit zone, treatment (ST) reduced daily average solar radiation about 74.6 % compared untreated control (UC), and significantly temperature. ST leaves were found have lower net assimilation rates higher internal CO2 concentration than in UC, which resulted yield, bunch weight, cane starch total soluble solids. A delayed development was berries had pH titratable acid UC. increased both wine anthocyanin while decreasing flavonol concentration. wines concentrations number ester compounds β-damascenone UC wines, thus enhancing floral fruity aroma wines. Higher C6/C9 fatty acids may The results showed significant effects on metabolites shade.